NAD+

These are three different kinds of molecule that appear together in metabolism research. 5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA. NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every living cell. Only MOTS-c is a peptide.

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is a coenzyme found in every living cell. It is built from two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: one carries adenine, the other nicotinamide. NAD+ accepts electrons in metabolic redox reactions, becoming NADH, and is consumed as a substrate by enzymes such as sirtuins, PARPs and CD38. It was first identified in yeast by Arthur Harden and William Young in 1906.

No. NAD+ is a dinucleotide, two nucleotides linked by phosphates, and contains no amino acids. It is often listed as "NAD+ peptide" because peptide suppliers sell it alongside peptides such as MOTS-c, GHK-Cu and Epitalon, but "NAD+ peptide" and NAD+ are the same compound.

NAD+ is one of the most studied molecules in biochemistry. Laboratory research, in cell culture and rodent models, examines its role in cellular energy metabolism, as a substrate for sirtuins and PARPs in DNA repair and gene regulation, and how cellular NAD+ levels change with aging. Human research has largely focused on NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside. Findings in cells or animals do not establish effects in people.

No. NAD+ is not an FDA-approved drug for any use. As a natural coenzyme it is widely sold as a laboratory research reagent and biochemical standard. The NAD+ sold here is for laboratory research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a NAD+ precursor: a form of vitamin B3 made of nicotinamide joined to ribose. Cells phosphorylate NR and then attach an adenine nucleotide to build NAD+. NAD+ itself is the larger, finished dinucleotide coenzyme. NR sits upstream in the NAD+ salvage pathway, where the enzyme NNMT, the target of 5-Amino-1MQ, also acts on nicotinamide.

Yes. Keep lyophilized NAD+ sealed, dry and refrigerated at 2–8 °C, or frozen at −20 °C for long-term storage; it absorbs moisture readily. NAD+ solutions are less stable than the powder, particularly at alkaline pH or when warm, so keep them refrigerated and use them promptly. Follow the label and Certificate of Analysis.

Pure NAD+ is a white to off-white powder, and freshly made solutions are colorless to very faintly yellow. A distinctly yellow or brownish color can point to moisture uptake or degradation. Color alone is not a purity test; identity and purity are confirmed by the lot's Certificate of Analysis.

They are different molecules with different roles. Glutathione is a tripeptide (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) and the main low-molecular-weight thiol antioxidant in cells. NAD+ is a dinucleotide coenzyme that carries electrons in redox reactions and serves as a substrate for sirtuins and PARPs. Only glutathione is a peptide.

Epitalon (Epithalon) is a synthetic tetrapeptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, studied mainly in Russian aging research. NAD+ is a dinucleotide coenzyme present in every cell, not a peptide. Both appear in aging research, but they are chemically unrelated and act on different pathways.

NAD+: molecular formula C21H27N7O14P2; molecular weight 663.43 g/mol (free acid); CAS number 53-84-9 (free acid); 1184-16-3 (disodium salt). Match these identifiers against the Certificate of Analysis for the lot.

Yes. Each lot has its own Certificate of Analysis, linked on this page for the current lot of each size: 100mg (99.51% HPLC purity); 500mg (99.47% HPLC purity); 1000mg (99.57% HPLC purity). Past certificates are archived in the COA library; contact us with the lot number on the vial label if a certificate is missing.

99.47% (HPLC, current lot). Purity is measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and reported on the lot's Certificate of Analysis.

NAD+ is supplied as lyophilized powder in a sealed vial in 3 sizes: 100mg, 500mg, 1000mg. In stock and dispatched in 1–2 business days. Quantity pricing applies automatically at 5+ and 10+ vials of the same size.

Store sealed at −20 °C, dry and protected from light.